Matthew P. Legendre [Wed, 15 Dec 2010 22:52:07 +0000 (14:52 -0800)]
Support for thread_db in ProcControlAPI Linux and BlueGene
Matthew P. Legendre [Wed, 24 Nov 2010 21:54:09 +0000 (13:54 -0800)]
autoconf support for building/packaging components seperate from DyninstAPI
Matthew P. Legendre [Tue, 23 Nov 2010 01:04:26 +0000 (17:04 -0800)]
Merge branch 'master' into origin/pc_bluegene
Conflicts:
testsuite/amd64-unknown-freebsd7.2/test_info_new.gen.C
testsuite/amd64-unknown-freebsd7.2/tuples
testsuite/i386-unknown-freebsd7.2/test_info_new.gen.C
testsuite/i386-unknown-freebsd7.2/tuples
testsuite/i386-unknown-linux2.4/test_info_new.gen.C
testsuite/i386-unknown-linux2.4/tuples
testsuite/ppc32_linux/test_info_new.gen.C
testsuite/ppc32_linux/tuples
testsuite/ppc64_linux/test_info_new.gen.C
testsuite/ppc64_linux/tuples
testsuite/src/test_driver.C
testsuite/x86_64-unknown-linux2.4/test_info_new.gen.C
testsuite/x86_64-unknown-linux2.4/tuples
Nathan Rosenblum [Wed, 17 Nov 2010 21:31:38 +0000 (15:31 -0600)]
Eliminate spurious `thunk function' detection on x86
A `thunk function' is one that contains exactly two instructions:
mov (%esp),<a register>
ret
This construct is used in position independent code to retrieve
the program counter---see for example the __i686.get_pc_thunk.*
functions in glibc. Previously, any function that had a mov
instruction that referenced the stack pointer followed by a return
would be treated as a thunk. This commit properly checks for a
zero-offset dereference of the stack pointer.
Nathan Rosenblum [Fri, 12 Nov 2010 23:13:58 +0000 (17:13 -0600)]
Optimize order of slice expansion
The order that slice nodes are visited in slice -> AST expansion matters
quite a bit; bad visitation order can lead to a great deal of extra work
being done as nodes are repeatedly visited to fill in partially expanded
ASTS. Because cycles in the slice DAG are removed prior to expansion,
an optimal ordering is possible. This commit implements that ordering. It
also correctly avoids traversing the `skip edges' that are removed to
break cycles in all instances of edge enumeration.
Nathan Rosenblum [Thu, 11 Nov 2010 21:13:34 +0000 (15:13 -0600)]
Improves efficiency of the slicing algorithm
The previous slicing algorithm searched the control flow graph in a
sub-optimal fashion, leading to complexity that was quadratic in the
best case of CFGs that are chains (linear control flow without
branches). This commit introduces a recursive slicing algorithm that
avoids this structural problem.
Daniel McNulty [Tue, 16 Nov 2010 21:42:27 +0000 (15:42 -0600)]
Fixes for bug 1081, bug 1104 (fork test bugs)
Both of these bugs were caused by a combination of OS bugs and our fork tests
using mutatees where the parent can exit before the child and both the child
and parent are short lived. Both of the OS bugs were reproduced using test
programs separate from Dyninst, so I am confident we are indeed observing
kernel bugs.
This commit, in addition to fixes for these bugs, removes the extra continues
in our test_fork_* tests that were added to avoid leaving around a bunch of
stopped processes when the nightlies ran.
Bug 1081:
We were seeing the fork tests leave around stopped mutatees on AIX. This bug
was being triggered by our soft breakpoint mechanism in the RT library that has
a process send itself a SIGSTOP. The following chain of events triggers the
bug:
1) The parent forks a child
2) The child sends itself a SIGSTOP
3) Dyninst continues both the parent and child
4) The parent exits before the child
5) The child exits almost immediately after being forked
6) Dyninst sees the pre-exit stop of the child and continues it
7) After continue the child is delivered a SIGSTOP by the OS
We originally used the soft breakpoint mechanism because we could not rely on
AIX to attach to and stop a child after fork. This was a bug on version 5.2 of
AIX. Since we have decided to no longer support AIX 5.2, we can rely on the OS
to automatically mark forked processes as being traced by Dyninst. Ideally, we
would want to stop both the parent and child at the exit of fork to initiate
some updates in the RT library using the OS provided mechanism for this. Due to
some probably more OS bugs, this cannot be done.
AIX 5.3 still exhibits some odd behavior where LWPs cannot be modified
on syscall entry/exit. An existing workaround for this is to set a trap at
the exit of the system call. This is done by reading registers and walking
the stack (if necessary). However, for the child at the exit of fork, the
values read from the registers are unreliable.
Working around all these bugs, the solution becomes to use a SIGTRAP instead of
a SIGSTOP in our soft breakpoint mechansim.
Bug 1104:
For test4_2, we were seeing a race where the exit callback of the child was not
being delivered, causing the test to fail. This bug in Dyninst was being
triggered by another kernel bug where if the parent exited before the child
entered userland for the first time, the child process would never execute.
In this scenario, Dyninst would observe that the child process disappeared and
generate an approriate event. On UNIX platforms, we however don't deliver
callbacks on a normal process exit; we deliver them at the entrance to the exit
system call when the process' address space is still around. In this case, the
child doesn't hit our pre-exit instrumentation and we therefore don't deliver
the callback.
The fix is to check whether a callback has been attempted to be delivered when
we receive the process exit event and deliver the callback if it hasn't been
delivered yet. Additionally, the type of callback delivered is the same as if
the process had exited due to a signal because the process' address space is
not around anymore. When the kernel bug occurs, this would still cause the
test to fail so I have modified the mutatee's parent to wait for the child.
Ray Chen [Fri, 12 Nov 2010 13:12:54 +0000 (08:12 -0500)]
Force stack alignment on x86/x86_64 platforms.
Both x86 and x86_64 platforms require an aligned stack pointer at certain
points of execution. This commit introduces a preamble in our state saving
code to forcably align the stack pointer.
Care is also taken to ensure the stack is aligned before we generate a
function call on x86_64. Similar functionality may be needed for x86
in the future.
Mike Lam [Thu, 11 Nov 2010 17:47:28 +0000 (12:47 -0500)]
Added missing instruction entries to IAPI string map
Mike Lam [Tue, 9 Nov 2010 23:35:38 +0000 (18:35 -0500)]
Fix for non-cap_registers platforms
Mike Lam [Tue, 9 Nov 2010 22:00:36 +0000 (17:00 -0500)]
Added optional parameter in getRegisters to return SPRs
Mike Lam [Tue, 9 Nov 2010 21:59:26 +0000 (16:59 -0500)]
Added missing header files
Todd Frederick [Tue, 9 Nov 2010 17:55:41 +0000 (11:55 -0600)]
Merge branch 'master' into devel
Todd Frederick [Tue, 9 Nov 2010 17:53:07 +0000 (11:53 -0600)]
Fix bug 1144, Register liveness on Power
Kevin Roundy [Fri, 5 Nov 2010 22:50:18 +0000 (17:50 -0500)]
Fixes IBSTree::successor bug that could trigger after range removal
Range removal introduces the possibility of nodes in the tree
that have empty equals sets, meaning that successor has to be
able to do a full depth-first search, since we never remove
nodes from the tree.
Andrew Bernat [Thu, 4 Nov 2010 20:17:51 +0000 (15:17 -0500)]
Fix segfault in symbolic expansion due to inconsistent operator<
Emily Jacobson [Thu, 4 Nov 2010 18:27:01 +0000 (13:27 -0500)]
Cleanup.
Emily Jacobson [Thu, 4 Nov 2010 18:11:35 +0000 (13:11 -0500)]
Merge branch 'master' of ssh://git.dyninst.org/pub/dyninst
Emily Jacobson [Thu, 4 Nov 2010 18:11:26 +0000 (13:11 -0500)]
Changed backward slicing to not re-trigger parsing during slice.
Checking interprocedural edges to follow is now moved into the
followCallBackward predicate and can be triggered by a user as necessary.
Kevin Roundy [Wed, 3 Nov 2010 23:08:19 +0000 (18:08 -0500)]
Fixes BPatch_basicBlockLoop::hasAncestor
BPatch_basicBlockLoop::hasAncestor(otherloop) queries were breaking for complicated loops.
hasAncestor works by traversing a linked list of parents, but this method can fail if a loop
is contained by multiple equivalent loops defined by distinct back edges.
I switched the hasAncestor implementation to do a lookup in the (already existing)
BPatch_basicBlockLoop::containedLoops set.
Andrew Bernat [Tue, 2 Nov 2010 20:46:24 +0000 (15:46 -0500)]
Merge branch 'master' of git.dyninst.org:/pub/dyninst
Nathan Rosenblum [Tue, 2 Nov 2010 19:01:18 +0000 (14:01 -0500)]
Prevent duplication of cached call edges
ParseAPI::Functions cache call edges for rapid lookup. Incremental parsing
or updating of a parsed function could lead to such edges being duplicated.
Andrew Bernat [Tue, 2 Nov 2010 18:18:44 +0000 (13:18 -0500)]
Windows build fix
Andrew Bernat [Mon, 1 Nov 2010 19:22:21 +0000 (14:22 -0500)]
Enable Windows register liveness.
Todd Frederick [Mon, 1 Nov 2010 16:45:51 +0000 (11:45 -0500)]
Merge branch 'master' of ssh://git.dyninst.org/pub/dyninst
Todd Frederick [Mon, 1 Nov 2010 16:41:46 +0000 (11:41 -0500)]
Stackwalker documentation corrections
Nathan Rosenblum [Fri, 29 Oct 2010 21:08:45 +0000 (16:08 -0500)]
Use provided names for PLT functions, if available.
During parsing, calls through the PLT lead to creation of functions
for the PLT entry stubs. These functions were getting the standard
targ* names we give to recursively discovered functions, which names
can be highly annoying when you KNOW that the real name of the PLT
entry in question exists RIGHT THERE in the symbol table. This commit
does the Right Thing.
Kevin Roundy [Fri, 29 Oct 2010 18:13:01 +0000 (13:13 -0500)]
Added stackwalker documentation to the repository
Ray Chen [Fri, 29 Oct 2010 03:43:54 +0000 (23:43 -0400)]
Small fix for vxWorks platform.
Older 4.x versions of GCC cannot compare const_iters and non-const_iters.
Bill Williams [Thu, 28 Oct 2010 21:37:31 +0000 (16:37 -0500)]
shouldRunTest(), contrary to its name, is not idempotent. Reverting "fix" in this area.
Andrew Bernat [Thu, 28 Oct 2010 18:30:16 +0000 (13:30 -0500)]
Merge branch 'master' of git.dyninst.org:/pub/dyninst
Andrew Bernat [Thu, 28 Oct 2010 18:09:11 +0000 (13:09 -0500)]
Handle SymEval cases where there are overlapping identical inputs.
Andrew Bernat [Thu, 28 Oct 2010 17:02:48 +0000 (12:02 -0500)]
Fix problem in mis-identifying cycles in slices.
Madhavi Krishnan [Thu, 28 Oct 2010 04:16:04 +0000 (23:16 -0500)]
ppc32_linux fix
runTests on ppc32_linux was spinning and spewing
kill signal messages while running the
nightly testsuite. This was
due to a bad while loop which was
running forever. This led to a timeout in
our testsuite. Fixed with iterators.
This should fix build and run
problems in bruckner.
Nathan Rosenblum [Wed, 27 Oct 2010 20:21:33 +0000 (15:21 -0500)]
ParseAPI manual update
Nathan Rosenblum [Wed, 27 Oct 2010 16:12:07 +0000 (11:12 -0500)]
Implements findMain() for ppc32-Linux.
The location of main is stored in a data structure passed to
__libc_start_main in glibc. The _start code linked at the beginning
of the text section computes the address of this data structure;
this patch uses slicing and SymEval to evaluate this computation
and extract the address of main from the startup structure.
Nathan Rosenblum [Tue, 26 Oct 2010 19:11:59 +0000 (14:11 -0500)]
Avoid deadlock when recursively parsing tail calls, while ensuring that
the return status of the [tail-]calling function is properly updated.
Also use a more efficient lookup for the "non returning by name" test.
Bill Williams [Wed, 27 Oct 2010 19:29:33 +0000 (14:29 -0500)]
fix for build fix
Bill Williams [Wed, 27 Oct 2010 15:25:18 +0000 (10:25 -0500)]
Windows build fix.
Kevin Roundy [Tue, 26 Oct 2010 22:39:01 +0000 (17:39 -0500)]
Better return status labeling for shared funcs and Rose input sanitizing
If two functions share code, and function A parses into an already parsed function B,
we can be sure that B's return status is the same as function A's if B is contained
in A. As of this commit, we assign B's return status to A if A parses into B's entry point.
This commit also sanitizes the pushf instruction so that it can be passed into Rose.
Bill Williams [Tue, 26 Oct 2010 19:12:26 +0000 (14:12 -0500)]
Make -cpumem work with getrusage() data on a per-test basis, with output added to the database driver.
Bill Williams [Tue, 26 Oct 2010 19:09:27 +0000 (14:09 -0500)]
Fix for bug 1141: bad register from fld ST0, foo with a REX prefix.
Andrew Bernat [Tue, 26 Oct 2010 18:42:16 +0000 (13:42 -0500)]
Merge branch 'master' of git.dyninst.org:/pub/dyninst
Andrew Bernat [Tue, 26 Oct 2010 18:36:07 +0000 (13:36 -0500)]
PowerPC slicing updates
Daniel McNulty [Mon, 25 Oct 2010 17:14:56 +0000 (12:14 -0500)]
Fix two bugs in Dyninst's exec handling code.
Both of these bugs were reported by the Open SpeedShop folks when
using Dyninst from the openssd daemon. They existed in both Dyninst 6.1
and GIT HEAD.
The first bug occurs when a multithread capable process exec's an executable
that is not multithread capable. We were incorrectly assuming that the exec'd
process was still multithread capable.
The second bug was observed when a multithread capable process exec's an
executable that is also multithread capable. The bug was that the tramp guard
AST was being cached across exec's and results in asserts in code generation
because the tramp guard variable created during mulitthreaded initialization
doesn't match the variable maintained by the tramp guard AST. The fix is to
clear the cached the tramp guard AST on exec.
Daniel McNulty [Mon, 25 Oct 2010 14:03:27 +0000 (09:03 -0500)]
Merge branch 'master' of ssh://git.dyninst.org/pub/dyninst
Nathan Rosenblum [Thu, 21 Oct 2010 15:55:02 +0000 (10:55 -0500)]
Untested verbose accounting code didn't compile
Emily Jacobson [Wed, 20 Oct 2010 18:05:16 +0000 (13:05 -0500)]
Merge branch 'master' of ssh://git.dyninst.org/pub/dyninst
Emily Jacobson [Wed, 20 Oct 2010 17:09:44 +0000 (12:09 -0500)]
Added missing std:: namespace specifiers.
Daniel McNulty [Tue, 19 Oct 2010 20:15:42 +0000 (15:15 -0500)]
Merge branch 'master' of ssh://git.dyninst.org/pub/dyninst
Madhavi Krishnan [Tue, 19 Oct 2010 19:24:09 +0000 (14:24 -0500)]
Power jump table parsing
1) Extensions to parseAPI(IA_powerDetails) to
find jump tables in ppc32 code.
The addi-addis combination instructions can
be anywhere in the function before the indirect
jump - not necessarily in the same block as the
indirect jump instruction.
The jump table start address is stored in got
section. For shared libraries, this is filled by
the dynamic loader via a relocation entry. Hence,
we should find the relocation entry corresponding
to the table start address to find the table in
rodata section.
2) symtabAPI: Relocation entries are added to
the corresponding DT_REL sections (rel.dyn and
rel.plt) in addition to the target region of the
relocations (plt section). This enables us to
get a list of relocations in a particular ELF
section.
Kevin Roundy [Tue, 19 Oct 2010 18:50:43 +0000 (13:50 -0500)]
Merge branch 'master' of ssh://git.dyninst.org/pub/dyninst
Emily Jacobson [Tue, 19 Oct 2010 16:51:18 +0000 (11:51 -0500)]
Added support for "callpath sensitive" backward slicing.
Various backward slicing bug fixes.
Added 2 new EdgePredicates: Interproc and SingleContextOrInterproc.
Kevin Roundy [Tue, 19 Oct 2010 14:16:10 +0000 (09:16 -0500)]
Merge branch 'master' of ssh://git.dyninst.org/pub/dyninst
Conflicts:
parseAPI/doc/parseapi.pdf
Kevin Roundy [Mon, 18 Oct 2010 21:00:00 +0000 (16:00 -0500)]
parseapi doc and codeRange fix
Madhavi Krishnan [Mon, 18 Oct 2010 17:23:56 +0000 (12:23 -0500)]
Bug 1139 fix
Test1_33 was failing in rewriter mode because
test1_33_globalVariable1 was initialized in the
bss section. The rewriter cannot modify variables
in the bss section. This commit initializes the
global variable to a non-zero value so that it
is not initialized in the bss section. This commit
fixes bug 1139
Todd Frederick [Mon, 18 Oct 2010 16:33:01 +0000 (11:33 -0500)]
Merge branch 'master' of ssh://git.dyninst.org/pub/dyninst
Nathan Rosenblum [Mon, 18 Oct 2010 15:40:47 +0000 (10:40 -0500)]
Workarounds for old buggy versions of PGF (for ParseAPI manual front page)
Todd Frederick [Mon, 18 Oct 2010 15:36:17 +0000 (10:36 -0500)]
Merge branch 'master' into devel
Todd Frederick [Mon, 18 Oct 2010 15:34:36 +0000 (10:34 -0500)]
dataflowAPI: allow stack analysis to be disabled for AssignmentConverter
Ray Chen [Mon, 18 Oct 2010 04:32:01 +0000 (00:32 -0400)]
PPC64 Linux PLT call stack fix
We must store the caller's TOC into 40(r1) when replacing function calls
because the original call (to a PLT stub) would have stored the TOC there,
and subsequent code may expect to restore it.
Also removes an unnecessary dynamic_cast from parsing code.
Ray Chen [Mon, 18 Oct 2010 04:29:42 +0000 (00:29 -0400)]
Fixes an off-by-one error in Power decoder.
Kevin Roundy [Fri, 15 Oct 2010 23:49:41 +0000 (18:49 -0500)]
Various documentation updates to the ParseAPI manual
Madhavi Krishnan [Fri, 15 Oct 2010 21:09:25 +0000 (16:09 -0500)]
Testsuite changes
Added rewriter mode to test1_28, test1_33, test1_34 and init_fini_callback
on power, x86 and x86_64 linux platforms.
Daniel McNulty [Thu, 14 Oct 2010 21:54:03 +0000 (16:54 -0500)]
Implements the ProcControlAPI::ThreadPool::find function.
Andrew Bernat [Thu, 14 Oct 2010 21:44:45 +0000 (16:44 -0500)]
Modify ParseThat to return non-zero on mutator failure (or crash).
Nathan Rosenblum [Thu, 14 Oct 2010 15:14:22 +0000 (10:14 -0500)]
Mark CodeObjects unparseable when no valid code regions exist
Nathan Rosenblum [Tue, 12 Oct 2010 19:16:06 +0000 (14:16 -0500)]
Updated ParseAPI manual
Nathan Rosenblum [Tue, 12 Oct 2010 22:00:50 +0000 (17:00 -0500)]
Prevent duplicate return edge creation in Function::blocks_int
Andrew Bernat [Tue, 12 Oct 2010 15:26:12 +0000 (10:26 -0500)]
Implement PPC/Linux trap handler.
Andrew Bernat [Mon, 11 Oct 2010 22:33:03 +0000 (17:33 -0500)]
Merge branch 'master' of git.dyninst.org:/pub/dyninst
Conflicts:
dataflowAPI/src/Absloc.C
Andrew Bernat [Mon, 11 Oct 2010 22:31:11 +0000 (17:31 -0500)]
Fix stack comparison bug.
Andrew Bernat [Mon, 11 Oct 2010 22:30:10 +0000 (17:30 -0500)]
Fix stack comparison bug.
Conflicts:
dataflowAPI/h/slicing.h
dataflowAPI/src/slicing.C
Emily Jacobson [Mon, 11 Oct 2010 18:14:50 +0000 (13:14 -0500)]
Rearranged code for better ordering of if statements.
Bill Williams [Fri, 8 Oct 2010 20:48:42 +0000 (16:48 -0400)]
jumpSize() fix: take the absolute value of a signed value, not an unsigned. This was breaking backwards branching on POWER.
Bill Williams [Thu, 7 Oct 2010 15:53:52 +0000 (11:53 -0400)]
Remove assert.
Bill Williams [Thu, 7 Oct 2010 15:53:17 +0000 (11:53 -0400)]
Treat blrl as a return, rather than a call, since in practice it is used as a linking return.
Bill Williams [Thu, 7 Oct 2010 15:52:50 +0000 (11:52 -0400)]
Ignore regions with zero memory size cross-platform.
Bill Williams [Thu, 7 Oct 2010 15:52:25 +0000 (11:52 -0400)]
Allow jump tables to use add-with-carry as well as add.
Bill Williams [Thu, 7 Oct 2010 15:50:26 +0000 (11:50 -0400)]
Make syscall read/write sets correct, rather than overapproximated.
Matthew Legendre [Fri, 8 Oct 2010 19:24:05 +0000 (14:24 -0500)]
Merge branch 'master' of /p/paradyn/development/legendre/pc_bluegene/dyninst into pc_bluegene
Matthew Legendre [Fri, 8 Oct 2010 19:23:29 +0000 (14:23 -0500)]
Merge branch 'master' of legendre@git.dyninst.org:/pub/dyninst
Matthew Legendre [Fri, 8 Oct 2010 19:22:05 +0000 (14:22 -0500)]
Merge branch 'at_llnl'
Matthew Legendre [Fri, 8 Oct 2010 19:21:00 +0000 (14:21 -0500)]
ProcControlAPI interface fixes
Matthew LeGendre [Fri, 8 Oct 2010 19:17:51 +0000 (12:17 -0700)]
Initial work for ProcControlAPI on BlueGene, not yet complete
Matthew Legendre [Fri, 8 Oct 2010 19:12:38 +0000 (14:12 -0500)]
StackwalkerAPI compilation fixes on BlueGene
Matthew Legendre [Fri, 8 Oct 2010 18:47:39 +0000 (13:47 -0500)]
Compilation fix for VS 2010
Andrew Bernat [Fri, 8 Oct 2010 15:22:56 +0000 (10:22 -0500)]
Handle tail calls to incompletely parsed functions correctly.
Bill Williams [Thu, 7 Oct 2010 19:53:21 +0000 (14:53 -0500)]
Build fix for windows: don't explicitly instantiate a template with an explicit specialization.
Bill Williams [Wed, 6 Oct 2010 16:21:28 +0000 (11:21 -0500)]
Add xmm8-xmm15 liveness information/decoding.
Ray Chen [Thu, 7 Oct 2010 04:40:40 +0000 (00:40 -0400)]
Add missing instructionAPI makefile for VxWorks/ppc.
Andrew Bernat [Wed, 6 Oct 2010 20:12:57 +0000 (15:12 -0500)]
Merge branch 'master' of git.dyninst.org:/pub/dyninst
Andrew Bernat [Wed, 6 Oct 2010 20:12:23 +0000 (15:12 -0500)]
Change parseThat instrumentation levels to be non-cumulative.
Andrew Bernat [Wed, 6 Oct 2010 20:11:27 +0000 (15:11 -0500)]
Reimplement trap handler to avoid clobbering XMM registers
Andrew Bernat [Wed, 6 Oct 2010 20:10:49 +0000 (15:10 -0500)]
Fix error that caused us to incorrectly compute incoming edge types in int_basicBlocks.
Andrew Bernat [Wed, 6 Oct 2010 20:10:30 +0000 (15:10 -0500)]
Create an ordered-by-address comparison for BPatch_Sets of BPatch_basicBlocks.
Kevin Roundy [Wed, 6 Oct 2010 18:03:44 +0000 (13:03 -0500)]
fix handling of calls to invalid addresses
Call instructions to invalid addresses were previously thrown out as not being real call instructions, meaning that they did not terminate blocks and were considered not to return. We now treat such call instructions in the same way as indirect calls; we end the block, parse at the fallthrough address, adding an unresolved call edge to the sink block.
Todd Frederick [Tue, 5 Oct 2010 17:09:04 +0000 (12:09 -0500)]
Fix bugs 1108 and 1099
Todd Frederick [Mon, 4 Oct 2010 18:12:11 +0000 (13:12 -0500)]
ProcControl: createProcess: assume the executable name is the first element in argv
Ray Chen [Fri, 1 Oct 2010 22:02:56 +0000 (18:02 -0400)]
Bring VxWorks platform up to speed with GIT HEAD.
This commit gets the ppc32 VxWorks platform working with parseAPI and
instructionAPI.